Representasi Etos Politik Kesultanan Islam:

Relevansi Sastra dan Kekuasaan

dalam Khazanah Sastra Melayu Klasik

Muhammad Abdullah

Jurusan Sastra Indonesia, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Diponegoro

Jalan Hayam Wuruk 14 Semarang

abdulah@undip.ac.id

Abstract

The article uses two manuscripts as the object of research. The first manuscript is Durrât Al-Farâ’id Bi Syarh Al-‘Aqâid. It is put away in The National Library and has number Ml. 792. The second manuscript is put in the personal collected in Aceh.There are Three reasons for choosing those manuscripts. First, they concists of an Asy’ariyah theology wich is followed by most of the Moslems in the world. Second, the theology has not been thought to the Moslem societies in a comprehensive way. Third, there is a school of inclusive and pluralist Islam with the freedom of having a religion as one of its principles. I uses two methods, those are philological method and thematic method. The philological method has an aim to get text that is far from error. The thematic method, on the other hand, aims to study the main topic of the text. The last method is used the analyze the traits of Allah such as al-Qadim, al-baqa’, ru’yatullah; to answer whether the Quran is qadim or jaded; and analyze the traits of Allah that is tanzih or tasybih. The results of the analyzes are as follows: by comparing the two manuscripts I conclude that the first manuscript (A) is chosen to be text adition. The choice has two reasons, ie (1) the first manuscript is older, and (2) it is more complete. The content of Asy’ariyah theology is about the doctrine of Islamic ‘Aqidah, such as (1) the traits of Allah, (2) Quran as a qadim or jaded, (3) the human being action, (4) qada’ and qadar, (5) ru’yatullah problems, (6) heaven and hell, and so on. In order to moderate Jabariyah and Qadariyah, Al-Asy’ari uses the Kasb concept that refers to the acquisition of the goodness and wickedness of human being as the result of his act. The power of Asy’ariyah theology is on its critical ability in balancing dalil naqly with dalil aqly. If Mu’tazilah theology aql is used for interpreting texts and nash of Quran, Asy’ariyah theology aql is used for helping human being in understanding the traits of Allah based on Quran.

Keywords: theology, politic, sultan, mistic, wahdat al-wujud