Pantun Nusantara: Penjinak Globalisasi

Muhammad Haji Salleh

Universiti Sains Malaysia

Pulau Pinang

Abstract

This article tries to analyze the existence and the dynamic of Indonesian pantun in the global era. The analysis uses descriptive approach. Result of the analysis shows that global movement swipe out and devastate nation as well as world wide determination and literature. More than that, the form of pantun which frames the aesthetic of Malayan culture which is emphasized and colored by specific value and nature has been affected by the influential global weave. Nevertheless, due to the strength of pantun form which has been tested by the dynamic of eras and diverse culture so in its journey to Europe at the end of the 19^th century, pantun began to find its universal or global format. Lately, because of the flood of books, radios and the internet or cyber media, its existence has not yet declined but on the contrary it shows its ability to compromise and utilize the sophistication of technology to reformulate itself in order to adjust with the development of the world. In such, Indonesia lends its local genius to the world, which in return world colors pantun with its nature and feature. This must be understood as an inevitable mutual relation in global context.

Key words: pantun, local culture, technology, global movement.

Politik Cerpen dan Cerpen Politik:

Sebuah Kesaksian atas Saksi Mata*

Cahyaningrum Dewajati

Jurusan Sastra Indonesia

Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Gadjah Mada

Yogyakarta

Abstract

This article dissects the image projection found in the compilation of short stories Saksi Mata by Seno Gumira Ajidarma. The analysis uses postmodernism approach using Baudrilard simulacrum perspective. The result of the analysis describes that “the politic of short story” is Seno’s strategy to share out his anxiety and concern which mass media cannot accommodate. To overcome this Seno articulates them to his readers through short stories. The compilation of his short stories is dominated by his deep contemplation on many political harassment occurred in Indonesia. To him the situation was so outrageous. His witness and experience as a journalist facing the political brutality are portrayed as wild and harsh image in his short story. Reciprocal relation between himself as a journalist whose freedom in exposing the truth is banned then finds a way out on the hilarious simulacra that means “more true than the truth” and “more real than the reality”.

Key words: short story politic, political short story, postmodern, simulacrum

Etnisitas dalam Sastra Indonesia:

Gambaran Sastra Indonesia di Yogyakarta

Imam Budi Utomo

Balai Bahasa Yogyakarta

Abstract

This article wants to find out ethnicity in Indonesian literature, especially in Yogyakarta. The analysis employs descriptive method. Result of the analysis demonstrates that ethnicity in Indonesian literature includes two related meaning, internal and external. Internal meaning says that Indonesian literature has central and local polarizations. Either internal or external, ethnicity in the Indonesian literature is a legitimate phenomenon. This could be seen from its historical background; that is Indonesia as a group of diverse ethnics which comprises one nation, one country and one language, Indonesian. That is why, works of literature that use Indonesian as the unification language would not be freed from the idea and ethnic element where the literary men were born and raised. Under the threat of nation disintegration as the consequence of extreme centralized control toward local governments in the past, ethnicity in the Indonesian literature as a form of decentralization becomes an alternative forum for different Indonesian ethnics to reinforce the Indonesian identity. Yogyakarta offers this kind of alternative.

Generic Structure in Serat Centhini

Henriono Nugroho

Jurusan Sastra Inggris

Fakultas Sastra Universitas Jember

Abstrak

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji Serat Centhini melalui analisis stilistika berdasarkan ilmu bahasa sistematik fungsional. Kajian menggunakan studi pustaka, metode deduktif, dan pendekatan intrinsik objektif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa sebagai puisi naratif Serat Centhini mempunyai struktur generik dengan empat tahapan, yaitu Pendahuluan (Orientation), Kerumitan (Complication), Penyelesaian (Resolution), dan Penutup (Coda). Narasi dikembangkan oleh pengarang dengan pengulangan Complication dan Resolution sebanyak dua puluh satu kali. Dengan demikian, Serat Centhini sebagai puisi Jawa naratif ditulis dengan struktur generik yang baku.

Kata kunci: Serat Centhini, puisi naratif, stilistika, struktur generik.

Epik dalam Sastra Lisan Dayak Ngaju

Basori

Balai Bahasa Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah

Abstract

This article is aimed at examining the figure and meaning of a hero to Dayak Ngaju people. Examination uses folklore approach. Result of the examination demonstrates that Dayak Ngaju folklore is one of the wealthy ranges of literature which describes way of thinking, customs, social condition of the people, individual character, person-to-society relation, and the value system found in Dayak Ngaju society. Heroes in Dayak Ngaju’s folklore have typical identification such as, robust, undefeatable, wise, and very affectionate. Such physical and spiritual descriptions fit the ideal image of a hero universally accepted. Such characteristics illustrate a hero with its total aspects. They are human who voluntarily devote himself to any changes. They are able to handle individual, time and space limitations to achieve widely accepted humanism values.

Macan Betina yang Anggun di Belantara Raksasa:

Telaah Poskolonial terhadap Nyai Ontosoroh

Dara Windiyarti

Balai Bahasa Surabaya

Abstract

The goal of this article is to study the identity of Nyai Ontosoroh in Pramoedya Ananta Toer Bumi Manusia. Study make use of postcolonial perspective. Result of the study indicates that Nyai Ontosoroh as the main character is a controversial person: in one side she is elegant, wise, and helpful and on the other side she always astonishes her environment. Nevertheless, she is always an idol for other people: modern, thinking freely, open minded, ready to have a go, hard work, and brave. Strong self character leads her way to live in the unknown colonial situation, so she is able to build her self image as a “female lion” who force others not to bother her. Nyai Ontosoroh’s bravery to learn Deutch, general knowledge, and build her company, reflects that indigenous people are always inferior. Nyai Ontosoroh’ existence becomes a reconstructed portrayal of ways of thinking of the orientalist full of cultural bias that Western culture is dynamic and masculine, on the contrary Eastern culture is commonly static and feminine.

Kajian Politik Drama Mangir

Karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer

Memphi Rezha

Mahasiswa Jurusan Sastra Indonesia

Fakultas Sastra Universitas Jember

Abstract

This article tries to define the political dimension in Pamudya ananta Toer drama Mangir. The study utilizes structural and pragmatic approach. Result of the study demonstrates that generally drama Mangir tells Mataram King’s leadership, Senapati, who has long been a dictator and the wise man, Tua Mangir, Wanabaya. The King of Mataram is authoritative, meanwhile Tua Mangir makes use of discussion and agreement. At the same time Tua Mangir gives his people freedom to convey ideas. People of Mangir hold their freedom to improve any potential and develop natural resources. On the other hand, in Mataram the privilege of developing natural resources falls on the hand of the King’s clan. The advantage of dissecting such problem from this drama is that people can learn about how to run a well authority, he has to be wise and perform fair, honest, and good order.

Key words: politics, state, authority

Implikasi Siaran Berita Televisi terhadap Sikap

dan Perilaku Masyarakat Pedesaan di Jember

Christanto P. Rahardjo

Jurusan Sastra Indonesia

Fakultas Sastra Universitas Jember

Abstract

TV news do not only function as transferring information but has its strong role to form the viewers’ attitude and behavior. Using contain analysis (qualitative approach), this article discusses the impact of TV news toward the attitude and behavior of Jember villagers. TV news showing simulacrum harassment and crime scenes tend to invite viewers to conduct imitation. This would likely to occur especially on the uneducated viewers living at the villages who do not have high consideration on which is good and which is bad. As a result, villagers swipe away their local wisdom and cultural values and at the same time they are trapped in mass panic. This would apparently induce social chaos in the long run.

Interaksi Jual-Beli Tradisional:

Analisis Etnografi Komunikasi

Agustina Dewi

Jurusan Sastra Indonesia

Fakultas Sastra Universitas Jember

Abstract

Interaction (including trade interaction) follows certain formulated pattern. Using communication ethnography approach, this article will discuss certain communication pattern between vendor and the buyers found in Jember county, East Java. Finding of the research indicates that interaction pattern between seller and subscribing buyers is different from that of seller and non-subscribing buyers. Seller-subscribing buyer interactions are not dominated by many bargains. On the contrary, seller-non subscribing buyer interactions involve many negotiations.

Key words: communication ethnography, bargain, compromise

Kohesi Gramatikal

dalam Wacana Rubrik Remaja DetEksi Jawa Pos

Foriyani Subiyatningsih

Balai Bahasa Surabaya

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to describe the grammatical cohesion in teenage column “DetEksi” Jawa Pos. Many aspects build up the column into a single entity. One of the aspects of it is cohesion which is divided into two, they are grammatical cohesion and lexical cohesion. In this column readers could find four marks of grammatical cohesion that include: (1) reference, (2) subtitution, (3) elliption, and (4) conjunction.

Aesthetic Function in the Poem

Henriono Nugroho

Jurusan Sastra Inggris

Fakultas Sastra Universitas Jember

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji karya sastra melalui analisis stilistika yang didasarkan pada ilmu bahasa sistemik fungsional. Metode penelitian menggunakan studi pustaka dan pendekatan intrinsik objektif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa analisis semantik menghasilkan makna bahasa latar belakang (the automatized linguistic meanings) dan makna bahasa latar depan (the foregrounded linguistic meanings). Makna pertama menghasilkan masalah utama (subject matter), sedangkan makna kedua menghasilkan makna sastra (literary meaning). Selanjutnya, makna sastra menghasilkan tema. Akhirnya dipahami bahwa masalah utama berkisah tentang pemimpin yang bijak, jujur, tegas, terhormat, sedangkan makna sastra tentang ancaman keruntuhan Inggris tahun 1806, serta tema tentang komentar sosial politik terhadap Inggris.

Kata kunci: makna bahasa latar belakang, makna bahasa latar depan, masalah utama, makna sastra, tema.

Novel Kenanga Karya Oka Rusmini:

Kajian Hermeneutik Freudian

Setya Yuwana Sudikan

Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni
Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Abstract

This article will analyze character in novel Kenanga by Oka Rusmini using Freudian hermeneutic theory. The method being used is interpretation with chose recitation. The result of the analysis finds that the technique of narration is in harmony and psychological conflict between the two characters Kenanga and Intan, is conspicuons. The inner conflict which is analysed by the use of Freudian hermeneutic (psychotext) which includes id, ego, and superego, neurosis anxicty and reality principles is appropriate to expose Kenanga and Intan’s way of thinking and inner condition when they are facing problems. In fact the two characters are not able to dolve the challenge offered by the problems. This makes readers easily understand the principle concept offered by Freudian hermeneutic theory through the novel Kenanga.

Key words: Freudian hermeneutik, id, ego, superego.

Amanat Lakon

Pusaka Gedhong Semara Dhenok

pada Wayang Topeng Malang*

Robby Hidajat

Program Pendidikan Seni Tari, Jurusan Seni dan Desain

Fakultas Sastra Universitas Negeri Malang

Abstract

Malang Mask Puppet show in Kedungmonggo has uniqueness in the development of Panji act. One of the acts performed prior to the evening of village-cleaning ceremony is Pusaka Gedhong Semara Dhenok. The massage of the act basically is associated with the fertility myth and the concept of duality. In addition to this massage the act tries to demonstrate the local wisdom of the people in that village. The act Pusaka Gedhong Semara Dhenok displays a complexity on the rhetoric of the community, which comprises of the recognition on sociocultural aspect and believe including the understanding of the society toward the character’s typology ang the characteristic of human being in general.

Key words: Mask Puppet, structure, village-cleaning ceremony, sociocultural

Perubahan Sosial dalam Novel Di Kaki Bukit Cibalak

Karya Ahmad Tohari

Dara Windiyarti

Balai Bahasa Surabaya

Abstract

This article is proposed to study social problem which is reflected in novel Di Kaki Bukit Cibalak by Ahmad Tohari. The study employs close reading method based on Marxist theory. The result of the study shows that explicitly the novel reveal social problems caused by economic factor. Social conflict. Social conflict appears when corruption is committed by the village officers which lead to the oppressed classes. The conflict apparently dominates the story which involves the character’s attitude, in this way this novel intensively tries to articulate the struggle of the oppressed to make oppressor aware that change is urgently needed. The social change must be performed to fulfill the desire of the oppressed, that is classless society

Key words: social change, social class, oppressor, oppressed.

Membaca Bekisar Merah,

Mengeksplorasi Nilai-nilai Budaya Jawa

Sri Mariati

Jurusan Sastra Indonesia

Fakultas Sastra Universitas Jember

Abstract

This article is aimed at analyzing the reflection of Javanese cultural value which is expressed in Bekisar Merah by Ahmad Tohari. The analysis employs sociology of literature paradigm with mimetic approach. The result of the analysis shows that culture value and Javanese tradition emerge dominantly in the novel. Furthermore, it also demonstrates Javanese reflection of life, their religious value, and the supremacy of their negative presumption. The concept and character of Javanese attitude is implemented on the manner of the main character or the novel. This concept, named Hastasila, constitutes Trisila (remember, believe, and “mituhu”), and Pancasila (consent, acquiescent to one’s fate, wholeheartedly, patient, sensible).

Key words: sociology of literature Javanese reflection of life, Hastasila, Trisila, Pancasila

Novel Dunia Tak Bermusim

Karya Marianne Katoppo:

Kajian Struktur Kepribadian Tokoh

B.M. Sri Suwarni Rahayu

Jurusan Sastra Indonesia

Fakultas Sastra Universitas Jember

Abstract

Novel Dunia Tak Bermusim expresses the lack of personality of its characters because of committing forbidden love. The novel will be scrutinized using pragmatic approach which underlines the psychological aspect of human character that comprises das es, das ich, das ueber ich, to recognize the personality of the character. The unsteadiness of one’s personality will cause bad manner of the characters. The characters of this novel give priority to the distribution of das es to das ich in which das ueber ich does not function normally. Lack of self control (das ueber ich) will result at agresive manner, amoral behavior, the violation of religious and social norm. With this exemplivication, the steadiness of the structural aspect of one’s personality will be better to maintain, so that one’s life would not lead to social chaos.

Key word: psychological aspect, das es, das ich, das ueber ich

Penggunaan Bahasa Indonesia

dalam Keluarga Muda Etnis Bali

Tanjung Turaeni

Balai Bahasa Surabaya

Abstract

When people move from one city to the others, this and the new environment will influence the change and the use of language. By the use of survey method this article discusses how family who lives in Surabaya and the neighborhood employ the language for their daily life and activity. There has been rapid change in the use of the language for family internal communication among these Balinese. Different from Balinese family who live in Bali, the new balinese famili who lives in Surabaya prefers to use Indonesia language for communication among the families. They tend not to speak in Balinese language. Thus in this way Balinese language has been taken over by Indosian language.

Key words: new environment, Balinese, family internal communication.